| Category | Reformed Hydrogen | By-product Hydrogen | Electrolyzed Hydrogen | Woosuk ENC Co., Ltd. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Raw Material | Natural gas, Biogas | Petroleum, Coke, Naphtha | Electricity + Water | Renewable raw materials |
| Generated Gas | H₂, CO | H₂, Target substance | H₂, O₂ | H₂, CO |
| Fine Dust | None | None | None | None |
| Operation Characteristics |
Frequent failures, poor continuous operation |
Depends on petrochemical/ steel process operation characteristics |
Highly affected by weather conditions |
Continuous operation 365 days a year |
| Operating Temperature |
400~500℃ | - | - | Above 1,450℃ |
| Physicochemical Reaction |
By-product generation during petrochemical/ steel process operation |
Electrolysis | Thermal decomposition + Gasification |
|
| Energy Recovery Method |
High-purity hydrogen, Power generation |
High-purity hydrogen, Power generation |
High-purity hydrogen, Power generation |
High-purity hydrogen, Power generation |
| Fuel Supply Method | - | - | - | NG, Renewable raw material combustion |
| Operating Cost (KRW/kg) |
3,000 or more | - | 10,000 or more | Included in shipping price |
| Shipping Price (KRW/kg) |
7,800 or more (Chungju) |
4,800~5,300 | 18,000 or more | Below 6,500 (including operating cost) |
| Transport Cost (50km) |
2,000 | 2,000 | 2,000 | - |
| Disadvantages | - Not eco-friendly due to large CO₂ emissions - Highly affected by raw material prices - Frequent equipment failures - Hydrogen loss during transportation |
- Limited scalability, not suitable for mass production due to high investment cost - Hydrogen loss during transportation |
- Limitations in expanding wind and solar power generation - Hydrogen loss during transportation - High production cost |
Although large-scale plants have long-term operational records in Japan, Canada, and Europe, there are challenges in promotion as it is the first domestic operation using small-scale equipment |
| Energy Productivity | Normal | Normal | Normal | High |
| Process Configuration | ![]() |
|
|---|---|---|
| Capacity | - 10 tons/day (developed as a basic model) - 30-50 tons/day under review |
- 100 tons/first grade or higher |
| Applied Technology |
- Wooseok E&C's proprietary technology | - Introduction of overseas technology |
| Products | - Model 1: CO, H₂ production - Model 2: H₂ production - Others |
- Model 1: CO, H₂ production - Model 2: H₂ production - Others |
| Capacity | Current design plan | |
|---|---|---|
| Capacity | - 10 tons/day | ![]() |
| Operating pressure/ temperature |
- 8 bar / > 1,550℃ | |
| Shape | - Two-stage structure | |
| Reagent supply | - Oxygen + steam (500°C direct steam) - Four swivel nozzles at the bottom and four swivel nozzles at the top |
|
| Raw material supply |
- Two hoppers (lock hopper + injection vessel) and screw feeder | |
| Refractory | - Firebrick, 1 insulated castable, 2 insulated castables, steel casing | |
| Synthesis gas cooling |
- Water jacket with castable | |
| Slag discharge | - Slag tap + slag cooling and storage tank + cooling water storage tank | |
| Item | Features |
|---|---|
| Flexible response to CO and H₂ production volumes | Oxygen, steam supply control → Flexible control of CO, H₂ ratio |
| Maximizing synthetic gas conversion efficiency | - Two-stage reduction furnace (1st stage: gasification/melting, 2nd stage: conversion of unreacted carbon) → Maximized efficiency - Swirl flow → Promotes mixing and secures residence time for unreacted carbon |
| Robust design for
high-temperature
synthesis gas environments |
- Consider high-temperature reduction atmosphere and plastic characteristics
(ash characteristics) → Select refractory material - Applying an appropriate cooling structure to the burner → Minimizing steam cooling - Adoption of slag outlet material and structure that is simple but capable of maintaining high temperatures → Prevention of clogging - Compact continuous slag discharge and cooling structure adopted → Continuous discharge during operation - Continuous feed supply equipment under high pressure → Possible increase in reduction furnace pressure |
| Minimal maintenance and convenience | - The reduction furnace structure is simple because the same
burner is used for preheating and gasification. - No need to control the pressure inside the furnace with a blower, making operation easy and noise-free. |
| Waste Plastic Low heating value (LHV, kcal/kg) H₂ Production (Ton/day) |
6,000 | 7,500 | 9,000 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.0 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 3.0 | |
| Waste plastic input (Q₁, ton/day) | 4.08 | 8.16 | 12.24 | 3.21 | 6.42 | 9.63 | 2.64 | 5.28 | 7.92 |
| Waste plastic input (Q₂, ton/day) | 4.08 | 8.16 | 12.24 | 3.21 | 6.42 | 9.63 | 2.64 | 5.28 | 7.92 |
| Waste plastic input (Total, ton/day) | 8.16 | 16.32 | 24.48 | 6.42 | 12.84 | 19.26 | 5.28 | 10.56 | 15.84 |
| Waste Plastic Low heating value (LHV, kcal/kg) | 6,000 | 7,000 | 7,500 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Waste plastic input (Q₁, ton/day) | 8.04 | 6.84 | 6.36 |
| Waste plastic input (Q₂, ton/day) | 8.04 | 6.84 | 6.36 |
| Waste plastic input (Total, ton/day) | 16.08 | 13.68 | 12.72 |
| Category | Main Items | Generation (Thousand tons/year) |
Treatment Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Waste Vinyl | Greenhouse covers, mulching film, thermal covers |
280~300 | Washed and recycled (low-grade raw material) uncollected or incinerated |
| Waste Plastic Materials | Irrigation pipes, strings & nets, stakes, hoses | 30~40 | Partially recycled, majority incinerated or left unattended |
| Packaging / Containers | Pesticide bottles, fertilizer bags, Styrofoam boxes |
Approximately 20 | Collected and partially recycled, majority incinerated |
| Total | 320~340 | Recycling: 60%, Incineration: 40% | |
| Category | PEMFC (Proton Exchange Membrane) |
AFC (Alkaline Fuel Cell) |
MCFC (Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell) |
SOFC (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electrolyte | Polymer membrane | Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) | Molten carbonate | Ceramic oxide ion conductor |
| Operating Temperature | 60~80°C (HT-PEMFC 120~180°C) |
180~220°C | ~650°C | 600~900°C |
| Main Catalyst | Pt-based | Pt-based | Ni-based (anode), NiO/Li-based (cathode) |
Ni-YSZ (anode), ceramic (cathode/electrode) |
| Fuel / Tolerance | Requires high-purity H₂, very sensitive to CO (few ppm–tens ppm) |
Some reformate allowed, tolerates CO up to several thousand ppm with performance drop |
H₂ & CO usable, high tolerance to CO/CO₂, internal reforming possible |
Highest fuel flexibility: H₂ / CO / natural gas / biogas / ammonia (conditional) |
| Start-up / Dynamic Response |
Very fast (minutes–tens of minutes), excellent load-following |
Tens of minutes–hours, moderate |
Hours (preheating required), moderate |
Hours–tens of hours, moderate (care for thermal shock) |
| Electric Efficiency (Standalone) |
50~60% | 40~45% | 47~55% | 55~65% |
| CHP Efficiency | 70~85% (low-temperature heat) |
75~85% (medium-temperature heat) |
80~90% (high-temperature heat) |
80~95% (high-temperature heat) |
| Heat Grade (Utilization) |
Low 60–80°C hot water / heating |
Medium 180–200°C, process heat / absorption cooling |
High 650°C, steam / process heat / absorption cooling |
High 700–800°C, process heat / small turbine / ORC integration |
| Typical Stack Lifetime | Mobile: 5–10k h, Stationary: 20–40k h+ |
40~80k h | 20~40k h(under improvement) | 20~50k h(depends on design & thermal management) |
| Scale / Application | kW~MW, mobility / small–medium stationary |
100 kW–MW, building CHP | 300 kW–MW, large stationary |
kW–MW, premium efficiency stationary |
| Summary of Advantages | Fast start-up, high power density, simple balance-of-plant |
Medium-temperature heat utilization, reformate tolerance |
Fuel flexibility (internal reforming), CO utilization, synergy with CO₂ recovery |
Highest electric efficiency, wide fuel range, high-grade heat |
| Notes / Precautions | High-purity H₂, humidification, ultra-low CO / S / H₂S management |
Phosphoric acid management, weight / corrosion |
High-temperature corrosive electrolyte, requires CO₂ supply / circulation |
High-temperature ceramics, thermal cycle, beware of Cr/ Si/ S contamination |
| Category | Description |
|---|---|
| Feedstock | Wood Pellet, Wood Chip |
| Moisture Content | < 20% |
| Suitable Moisture | < 30% |
| Feedstock Particle Size | 3~4cm |
| Higher Heating Value (HHV) | 4,300 kcal/kg |
| Category | Subcategories |
|---|---|
| Renewable Energy | Manufacture of Pyrolysis and Gasification-Based Reductive Gas Hydrogen Production Equipment, Fuel Cell Power Generation Systems, Wind and Solar Energy, Biomass, Biogas |
| Environmental Plants | Pyrolysis Emulsion Facilities, Air Pollution Control Facilities, Membrane Purification/Separation Systems, Wastewater Treatment Facilities, Landfill Facilities |
| Owner's Eng | Civil Engineering, Construction, General Hospitals, Industrial Complex Development, Data Centers |
| Refrigeration Facilities, Air Conditioning | Refrigerated and frozen warehouses, temperature and humidity control facilities, clean rooms, positive pressure facilities, air conditioning facilities |
| Food, Meat Processing | Food factories(HACCP), pharmaceutical factories, meat processing factories, seafood processing factories |
| Automation | Factory automation equipment, logistics center / warehouse automation equipment |
| Development Projects | Land development, redevelopment and reconstruction projects, urban development projects |
| Private Investment Projects | Planning of Type 1 and Type 2 facility private projects under the Act to Promote Private Capital, project financing, feasibility studies |
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